Some days ago the Latin American Commission on Drugs and Democracy Declaration was published, headed by the former presidents Fernando Henrique Cardoso, from Brazil, Ernesto Zedillo, from Mexico, and César Gaviria, from Colombia, and with the participation of 17 independent personalities from several Latin American countries. In this Declaration a new paradigm is proposed to understand and face the drug problem in Latin America. However, this new paradigm that promises – from its point of view – to be innovative and to solve the problem, shows several diffi culties that deserve attention and further discussion from the academic world.